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December 12, 2001
Women Making Stronger Commitment to Workplace
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"The cumulative effect is that women's work schedules are less likely to be interrupted by the birth of their first child, and women today are making longer-term commitments to the labor force than women in the 1960s," said Kristin Smith, lead author of the bureau report, "Maternity Leave and Employment Patterns, 1961-1995."
The report discusses changes in the characteristics of first-time mothers, how rapidly mothers with newborns return to work, trends in women's work experience before their first birth, and changes in U.S. society, including enactment of family-related legislation such as the Pregnancy Discrimination Act of 1978 and the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993.
Some highlights from the report:
- The proportion of women working during pregnancy before their first birth increased by 23 percentage points between the periods 1961-65 and 1991-95 from 44 percent to 67 percent.
- Mothers were much more likely to return to work by the sixth month after their first child's birth in 1991-94 (52 percent) than in 1961-65 (14 percent).
- In the period 1991-94, 78 percent of mothers who returned to work within 12 months of their first birth were employed by their pre-birth employer.
- Only 27 percent of women quit their job around the time of their first birth in 1991-95, compared with 63 percent in 1961-65.
- In 1991-95, 43 percent of women received paid leave before or after their first child's birth; only 16 percent did so in 1961-65. The report is based on data from the 1996 panel of the Survey of Income and Program Participation.
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